We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Desk 4 Organization between dowry/fiance speed (paid down from the within the-statutes regarding sisters, other people on community and you can community) and wife’s condition about marital home (OLS)
cuatro.step 3 Dialogue and robustness monitors
In the choosing the ladies updates regarding the relationship house, the end result of your own websites dowry (dowry minus fiance speed) may number. Note that the level of deferred mehr is roofed alone out of the web dowry once the former has never been paid down unless of course separation and divorce takes place and cannot meet the requirements possessions lead to the relationships. The outcome recommend that the latest possessions lead with the ount) augment their own decision-to make fuel and autonomy. These confident contacts are not stunning as the new connectivity regarding fiance price paid off at the time of wedding work with prevent to that from dowry in the main estimations.
Possibly, an increased years or knowledge change might weaken the new wife’s updates on relationship house. As well as years difference and education differences (replacement this new husband’s many years and you can knowledge) cannot change the head consequences, and coefficients of these details aren’t extreme (Appendix Table nine, Committee B).
New quote processes was repeated by substitution dowry and you can bride-to-be speed having internet dowry (Appendix Desk 9, Committee A good)
That you will argue that what amount of years given that wedding try important because the result off dowry (otherwise fiance rates) might be deeper after relationships. In addition to many years since ount from dowry (replacing female’s ages at the wedding) magnifies the beds base effectation of dowry during the ladies autonomy however, decrease their magnitude plus the advantages height within the women’s decision-making (Appendix Table nine, Panel C). This means you to a larger dowry boosts the wife’s independence in the new relationship household shortly after wedding; however, this new connection isn’t somewhat influenced by the latest passage through of age since relationship.
No way of measuring gender ideology is included in the primary estimate on account of endogeneity issues. You to definitely you’ll argue that addition of such strategies could possibly get weaken the brand new relationship between dowry and ladies’ updates on marital house. Although we don’t refute the possibility that needs and you may ideological philosophy concerning gender relations are not intrinsic and change across the relationship life, the fresh new quote techniques are regular by the plus a couple tips to possess child preference: the first variable translates to one to in the event that wife’s ideal level of sons is actually higher than regarding daughters plus the 2nd means you to definitely if spouse would like to offer degree to sons in lieu of to daughters. Handling for gender ideology cannot drastically change the chief estimation performance (Appendix Table 9, Panel D). Interestingly, ladies’ decision-making try positively of young buck taste. But not, it is negatively for the preference for getting advanced schooling so you can sons than daughters. A prospective interpretation is the fact highly educated feminine tends to be facing gender inequality into the knowledge and become a whole lot more motivated throughout the relationship domestic but like which have way more sons than daughters. This appears consistent with specific present knowledge proving one to reviews colombian cupid child preference is much more common one of extremely educated feminine in place of uneducated women for the South Asia (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).